Boureima Amadou
The acute fuel shortage gripping Mali, exacerbated by a jihadist blockade on critical transport routes, is intensifying the humanitarian crisis in the country. This dire situation is disrupting daily life for residents and severely paralyzing United Nations aid operations in regions already devastated by hunger and persistent insecurity.
Regions paralyzed by fuel scarcity
According to the United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA), the fuel supply disruptions have significantly slowed relief efforts in central and southern Mali, particularly in areas like Ségou, San, Koutiala, Mopti, and Bandiagara. These regions serve as vital corridors connecting the capital, Bamako, to the country’s northern territories, which remain under severe security threats.
Many humanitarian partners have been forced to scale down field missions, restricting mobile clinics to a ten-kilometer radius around their bases. Irregular roadblocks, armed robberies, and unpredictable security checks have led to the temporary suspension of critical operations.
Blockade targets fuel imports from West Africa
Since September, the Group for the Support of Islam and Muslims (GSIM), an Al-Qaeda-affiliated militant group, has blocked fuel imports from Senegal and Côte d’Ivoire—the primary entry points for goods into this landlocked West African nation. This blockade has now extended its grip to Bamako and most regions, plunging communities into a deepening energy and food crisis.
Léré cut off from humanitarian aid
In the northwestern region of Tombouctou, the city of Léré, near the Mauritanian border, has been under restricted access since October 27, imposed by armed groups. OCHA reports that this measure has triggered population displacements toward safer areas. The humanitarian access report for October highlights that “aside from already present aid workers, no humanitarian organizations have been granted access to the locality.”
The same report documents 50 access-related incidents in October, a 13% increase from September. Improvised explosive devices continue to pose the greatest threat, with 28 cases recorded. Additionally, three direct attacks on humanitarian workers and nine abductions were reported, primarily in Ségou and Gao. In Douentza, two aid workers lost their lives when their boat capsized on the Niger River near Kagnimé. OCHA warns that “these violent incidents endanger personnel safety and hinder field operations.”
Political repression deepens the crisis
The current turmoil is unfolding against a backdrop of escalating political repression. Since the 2020 military takeover led by General Assimi Goïta, the junta has tightened its control over state institutions. Presidential elections have been indefinitely suspended, and in May 2025, all political parties were dissolved. A July law granted the military leadership the authority to extend its mandate “as long as necessary, until national pacification.”
Volker Türk, the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights, has condemned these measures, stating they “close the door to any democratic elections in the foreseeable future” and “exploit the law to suppress dissent.” The crackdown has intensified, with opposition figures like former Prime Minister Moussa Mara—arrested in August and sentenced to prison for “undermining state credibility”—becoming emblematic of the repression.
Meanwhile, armed violence has surged. Attacks by GSIM and the local Daech affiliate continue to plague central and northern regions, particularly near the borders with Burkina Faso and Niger. Since April, Volker Türk’s office has documented “hundreds of extrajudicial executions, arbitrary arrests and detentions, enforced disappearances, and kidnappings by all conflict parties.”
Mali’s humanitarian emergency
Amid this turmoil, Mali’s humanitarian crisis deepens. OCHA estimates that 6.4 million people—including 3.5 million children—require urgent assistance. The country hosts over 400,000 internally displaced persons and 335,000 refugees from neighboring nations. A recent UN report ranks Mali among the world’s six most severe food crises, alongside Haiti, Palestine, South Sudan, Sudan, and Yemen. Conditions are deteriorating rapidly in several vulnerable zones, worsened by the international community’s reduced engagement.
Refugee influx strains local resources
In the Koro district, bordering Burkina Faso, the arrival of nearly 50,000 Burkinabé refugees since April has doubled the local refugee population, overwhelming local capacity. To address the surge, the UNHCR opened a field office in Koro on October 16 to enhance coordination and accelerate humanitarian response.
Today, Mali shelters over 150,000 refugees from Burkina Faso and Niger, fleeing both jihadist attacks and military counter-operations. The convergence of fuel shortages, political repression, and violent extremism has created an unparalleled humanitarian catastrophe for a nation already struggling to survive.
