The National Mining Company (Sonamines) is significantly increasing its scrutiny of gold operators across Cameroon. Following a comprehensive inspection tour through the Adamaoua and East regions, key hubs for artisanal and semi-mechanized gold production, Director General Serge Hervé Boyogueno has delivered a frank assessment. His findings reveal that numerous operators are failing to meet expected production thresholds, some are demonstrably insolvent, while widespread environmental neglect and opaque commercial channels undermine state sovereignty over the gold sector.

On-site inspections expose vulnerabilities in Cameroon’s gold sector

The regions recently visited account for the bulk of Cameroon’s gold mining activity, predominantly carried out by semi-mechanized companies and a multitude of artisanal miners. Sonamines’ mission aimed to verify that permit holders were adhering to their contractual and regulatory obligations. The Director General’s observations highlight a persistent gap between the commitments made when titles were granted and the actual productive reality observed on the ground.

A significant number of operators are not achieving the production thresholds stipulated in their terms of reference. This underperformance is compounded, for some, by proven insolvency regarding the state and its various agencies. On this matter, Sonamines’ head explicitly defers decision-making to the Ministry of Mines, which holds the sole authority to suspend or revoke permits. The state-owned company thus positions itself as the technical body for assessment, leaving the political oversight body responsible for imposing sanctions.

Insolvency, environmental concerns, and commercial opacity: a multifaceted challenge

Beyond strictly financial matters, the inspection mission documented alarming environmental deficiencies. The restoration of exploited sites, the management of wastewater laden with mercury or cyanide, and the securing of extraction zones all represent critical ongoing challenges. These failures expose local communities to significant health risks and jeopardize the long-term sustainability of an industry that increasingly underpins the local economies of the East and Adamaoua regions.

Another critical front involves commercialization. A substantial portion of the extracted gold bypasses official channels, feeding regional smuggling networks. This illicit trade deprives the public treasury of vital revenue and prevents the traceability of the precious metal. This lack of transparency, a long-standing concern for specialized organizations, contradicts Yaoundé’s declared objective of mineral sovereignty. Sonamines now intends to tighten its regulatory framework by reinforcing reporting obligations and expanding approved collection points.

Forging a national strategic gold reserve

The most transformative ambition championed by the Director General remains the establishment of a national strategic gold reserve. This objective, inspired by practices observed among several African central banks, aims to provide Cameroon with a metallic reserve capable of backing a portion of its monetary policy and serving as a buffer against external economic shocks. This strategy aligns with the goals of other producing nations in the sub-region, eager to capture greater value from their own natural resources and enhance African governance in the sector.

However, the success of this strategy hinges on Sonamines’ ability to channel a significant fraction of national production towards its official counters. This will necessitate a preliminary overhaul of the existing operator landscape, offering competitive purchase prices to counter informal buyers, and fostering close coordination with security forces and customs along border corridors. The forthcoming decisions from the Ministry of Mines concerning the fate of defaulting operators will be pivotal in this regard.

The implementation phase of Cameroon’s mining reform promises to be intricate. It balances the imperative of contractual discipline, the preservation of a sector that provides informal employment, and the national ambition to integrate gold into a framework of financial sovereignty. While the precise timeline for ministerial decisions has not been released, the conclusions from Sonamines’ mission are expected to inform future directives. The Director General has indicated a commitment to continue inspections in other production basins, signaling a new era for Cameroon gold mining control.

By Mariama Hamani — Analyst