The United States has imposed financial and legal sanctions on two senior commanders of armed groups operating in eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), accusing them of involvement in serious human rights violations and attacks against civilian populations.
Washington announced the measures target Gustave Kubwayo, a leader within the Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Rwanda (FDLR), and John Imani Nzenze, described as the intelligence chief of the Congo River Alliance/M23 (AFC-M23).
US authorities stated the sanctions are part of broader efforts to promote peace and stability in the Great Lakes region. They aim to pressure conflict parties to honour international commitments, including those outlined in the Washington Peace and Prosperity Accords and the Doha process.
Gustave Kubwayo is linked to multiple atrocities attributed to the FDLR, including ethnically motivated violence, recruitment of child soldiers, sexual violence, and cross-border attacks that threaten Rwanda’s security.
John Imani Nzenze is accused of playing a key role within the M23, a group Washington considers backed by Rwanda. The US attributes to the movement numerous killings, serious human rights abuses, and repeated attacks on civilian communities in eastern DRC.
Separately, the Congolese army announced the surrender of 204 AFC-M23 fighters during April and May 2026. Major Dieudonné Kasereka, spokesperson for the 34th military region, said the ex-combatants turned themselves in across several operational zones in North Kivu and South Kivu provinces, including Lubero, Rutshuru, Masisi, and Kalehe.
Military authorities said they have taken the necessary steps for the fighters’ reintegration. Major Kasereka also called on remaining combatants active in forested areas to lay down their weapons and join the surrender process.
These developments come as clashes continue between the AFC-M23 and the Armed Forces of the DRC, supported by the Wazalendo self-defence groups. Fighting remains particularly intense in several territories of North Kivu and South Kivu, where the security situation remains deeply concerning.
