Since regaining political stability in 2011, Côte d’Ivoire has emerged as one of Africa’s most dynamic economies. Now, the government is prioritizing inclusive and sustainable growth through a bold new carbon tax framework. On May 28, 2026, Adama Coulibaly, Minister of Economy, Finance and Budget, presented the national carbon emission taxation strategy—a key pillar of the country’s energy transition roadmap.

Rising emissions, but improving carbon efficiency

Despite rapid economic expansion, Côte d’Ivoire’s greenhouse gas emissions more than doubled from 9 million tons in 2011 to 18.8 million tons in 2024. This surge stems from increased fossil fuel use, transport expansion, industrial growth and agricultural intensification. Yet, the country’s carbon intensity—emissions per unit of GDP—has declined substantially over the same period, reflecting progress toward decarbonization. With per capita emissions of just 0.65 tons annually, far below global averages, Côte d’Ivoire remains a low-emitter compared to industrialized nations.

Why Abidjan is doubling down on decarbonization

Extreme weather events, shifting rainfall patterns and environmental degradation are already straining Côte d’Ivoire’s economy, particularly agriculture, which employs nearly half the population. To meet global climate obligations and safeguard long-term prosperity, the government has set a target: slash carbon emissions by at least 33% by 2035 while maintaining GDP growth above 7%. Under its latest Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC), submitted in 2025, Côte d’Ivoire aims for up to a 74% reduction with international support.

Phased rollout of the carbon tax

The carbon tax will be introduced in stages. From 2026 to 2027, authorities will finalize legal and technical frameworks. A modest rate will take effect in 2028–2029, with gradual increases through 2035, followed by a review phase. The tax will primarily target fossil fuels—excluding butane gas—by imposing higher costs to discourage their use. Modeling suggests a €50 per ton CO₂ price could cut national emissions by 1.2 million tons annually, or about 6% of 2024 levels.

The government acknowledges potential short-term economic impacts, including higher fuel prices and slower growth in early implementation years. However, tax revenues will be strategically reinvested to mitigate these effects and accelerate the transition.

Building a greener, fairer economy

Proceeds from the carbon tax will fund key initiatives, including nationwide electrification, subsidies for electric or gas stoves to reduce charcoal use, and incentives for electric vehicle adoption, such as tax breaks and charging infrastructure. A portion of revenues will also support vulnerable households through direct cash transfers, green job creation and reskilling programs for workers in transitioning sectors. This integrated approach reflects Côte d’Ivoire’s National Development Plan (2026–2030), which emphasizes balancing economic growth, social equity and environmental protection.