A new legal framework governing digital interactions in Gabon has sparked widespread controversy following the leak of a recent government ordinance. While the document was officially dated February 26, its contents only became public knowledge last week, drawing immediate attention to strict new requirements for online identity.

The most debated section, Article 4, effectively ends the era of anonymity on digital platforms within the country. Under these regulations, the use of pseudonyms is now prohibited. Every individual utilizing social media must be formally identified by their full legal name and their Personal Identification Number (NIP). For corporate entities, the law mandates the inclusion of official commercial registry details.

Conflicting views on online transparency

Supporters of the measure argue that it will foster a more respectful digital environment. Bienvenue Effayong, a content creator known locally by the moniker “Bitome” (meaning “troubles”), has voiced his total endorsement of the policy. Often a target of anonymous online harassment due to his political leanings, Effayong believes the law will curb malicious behavior.

He asserts that many users hide behind fabricated profiles to spread slander, hurl insults, or attempt to undermine national stability. By removing the veil of anonymity, he argues that every citizen will finally have to take responsibility for their digital footprint.

Impact on civil liberties and democratic expression

However, the ordinance has met with fierce resistance from advocates of free speech. Marcel Libama, a former deputy during the Transition period, views the new rules as a direct assault on the constitutional rights of the Gabonese people. He characterized the legislation as a sign of declining democratic values and an unnecessary restriction on personal freedoms.

Libama argues that such “liberticidal” measures are fundamentally at odds with the country’s supreme law. Because the ordinance was enacted while parliament was in recess, it became enforceable immediately. Nevertheless, the text must still undergo a parliamentary review process, where it could be modified, validated, or completely rejected by lawmakers.

These developments occur against a backdrop of restricted digital access, as social media services have been officially offline in Gabon since February. Government officials defend the move as a necessary step to protect the youth and eliminate digital abuses, specifically targeting defamation and activities intended to destabilize national institutions.

By Mariama Hamani — Analyst