N’Djamena’s public spaces: a smoke-filled challenge to anti-tobacco laws

Over fifteen years have passed since Chad enacted comprehensive anti-tobacco legislation, yet the sight of individuals smoking freely in public areas remains a pervasive and largely unchecked issue, particularly within the bustling capital, N’Djamena.

A brief stroll through N’Djamena quickly reveals the stark contrast between legal mandates and daily realities. At major hubs like the Central Market and Dembé, vendors and shoppers alike openly light up amidst the throngs, their cigarette smoke mingling with the dust and diverse aromas of food.

« We’ve grown accustomed to cigarette smoke here; it’s something we inhale every day. Decisions have been made, but no one seems to adhere to them. It’s truly unacceptable », Pélagie, a fish vendor, expressed her resignation.

« While other nations designate specific smoking zones, here in Chad, we are all exposed. Even within educational institutions and healthcare facilities, people continue to smoke. The government must step up and fulfill its responsibilities », Christian echoed this sentiment.

Many Chadians, like those quoted, find themselves involuntarily exposed to second-hand smoke in various settings, from bustling bars and restaurants to public taxis. One individual shared their plight: « I am asthmatic and allergic to both cigarette and shisha smoke. This is why I’ve stopped visiting restaurants; no one there adheres to the regulations. »

Passive smoking poses significant health hazards to non-smokers, elevating their risk of developing various cancers, cardiovascular conditions, and respiratory ailments. Children and expectant mothers face heightened vulnerability. Beyond health concerns, discarded cigarette butts contribute to environmental pollution in urban areas and present a considerable fire risk.

Chad’s legislative framework, specifically Law n° 010/PR/2010, enacted on June 10, 2010, explicitly prohibits smoking across all public spaces, enclosed workplaces, and public transportation. This vital legislation further safeguards pregnant women and minors, incorporating provisions for penalties against non-compliance.

Subsequent implementation decrees, such as Decree n° 1522/PR/MSP/2019, were introduced to clarify enforcement procedures. Both the Ministry of Public Health and the N’Djamena City Hall initiated awareness campaigns, and an anti-tobacco brigade was even established. Nevertheless, over a decade later, the practical enforcement of this law remains one of Chad’s most enduring challenges.